In the spring, the sea becomes warmer, and the surface temperature rises to 18°C. Strait of Otranto separating Adriatic Sea from Ionian sea Hydrology Political map of surrounding area Deep-sea currents Geological history . Ionian Sea, Latin Mare Ionium, Italian Mare Ionio, part of the Mediterranean Sea, lying between Albania (northeast), Greece (east), Sicily (southwest), and Italy (west and northwest). [26] The northern shore of the Greek island of Corfu also lies in the Adriatic Sea as defined by the IHO. [293] As of January 2012, only 200 exploration wells had been sunk off the Croatian coast, with all but 30 in the Northern Adriatic basin. Large vessel traffic is dense, and accordingly there is a great deal of operational pollution along with the constant threat of accidents and incidents. [76] Earthquakes have been observed in the region since the earliest historical records. [165][166] This made the sea passage across the Adriatic between Brundisium and Dyrrachium (or Apollonia) a link in the primary route for travelers, trade, and troop movements, between Rome and the East. [44] In terms of the annual total discharge into the entire Mediterranean Sea, the Po is ranked second, followed by the Neretva and Drin, which rank as third and fourth. The 170-metre (560 ft) deep Palagruža Sill is south of the Middle Adriatic Pit, separating it from the 1,200-metre (3,900 ft) deep South Adriatic Pit and the Middle Adriatic basin from the South Adriatic Basin. During the campaign, the Royal Navy occupied Vis and established its base there in Port St. This arrangement was made permanent in the 1975 Treaty of Osimo. [115] The Isole Tremiti reserve has been protected since 1989, while the Tremiti islands themselves are part of the Gargano National Park. animals In the Adriatic Sea, in the Italian region of Emilia Romagna, a specimen of Nudibranch has been sighted. [109], The Northern Adriatic in particular is rich in endemic fish fauna. [5] Another name used in the period was Mare Dalmaticum, applied to waters off the coast of Dalmatia or Illyricum.[6]. The Adriatic Sea is a part of sea Atlantic Ocean that separates the system of the Apennine Mountains from the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges and the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula. The sea takes over you. ", "Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profiles – Italy", "Glavni plan i strategija razvoja turizma Republike Hrvatske", "International tourism in the coastal regions of five Mediterranean countries", "Intervju: Načelnik općine Neum dr. Živko Matuško za BH. The Adriatic was named after Adria, a once flourishing port located southwest of Venice. The Northern Adriatic's comparatively shallow seabed is characterised by relict sand (from times when the water level was lower and the area was a sandy beach), while a muddy bed is typical at depths below 100 metres (330 ft). In the same year, the Republic of Ragusa was established in Dubrovnik as a city-state after it was freed from Venetian suzerainty. Regular dolphin used to live in the entire Adriatic sea but today can only be found in the south part of the Adriatic, and this happens on rare occasions. [263] For Montenegro, the direct contribution of tourism to the national GDP is 8.1%, with the total contribution to the economy at 17.2% of Montenegrin GDP. [280], Natural gas is produced through several projects, including a joint venture of the Eni and INA companies that operates two platforms—one is in Croatian waters and draws gas from six wells, and the other (which started operating in 2010) is located in Italian waters. [9] It extends 800 kilometres (500 mi) from the northwest to the southeast and is 200 kilometres (120 mi) wide. [287] Eni estimated its concessions in the Adriatic Sea to hold at least 40,000,000,000 cubic metres (1.4×1012 cu ft) of natural gas, adding that they may even reach 100,000,000,000 cubic metres (3.5×1012 cu ft). [50] The southern Adriatic is subjected to saltier water from the Levantine Basin. [21] The number includes islands, islets, and rocks of all sizes, including ones emerging at ebb tide only. [292] In January 2012, INA commenced prospecting for oil off Dubrovnik, marking the resumption of oil exploration along the eastern Adriatic coast after surveys commenced in the late 1980s around the island of Brač were cancelled because of Yugoslavia's breakup and war in Croatia. The site of maximum depth of the Adriatic Sea is situated south of the central area; average depth is 1,457 feet (444 metres). The distinct seasonal temperature variations, with a longitudinal gradient in the Northern and transversal gradient in the Middle and Southern Adriatic,[50] are attributed to the continental characteristics of the Adriatic Sea: it is shallower and closer to land than are oceans. The intermediate layer is infused with warm and saline water coming from the eastern Mediterranean and is characterized by temperature and salinity maxima at 1,300 feet (400 metres). There is one solution, however, that both Italian fishermen and scientists agree on. [236], Croatia and Slovenia started negotiations to define maritime borders in the Gulf of Piran in 1992 but failed to agree, resulting in a dispute. The Adriatic Sea is part of the Mediterranean Sea separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula. The Adriatic gas fields were discovered in the 1970s,[285]:265 but their development commenced in 1996. In the Middle Ages, the Adriatic shores and the sea itself were controlled, to a varying extent, by a series of states—most notably the Byzantine Empire, the Croatian Kingdom, the Republic of Venice, the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire. [50], The predominant winter winds are the bora and sirocco (called jugo along the eastern coast). [200] The Venetian territory was then handed over to Austria and briefly ruled as part of the Archduchy of Austria. INA estimates, however, are 50% lower than those supplied by Eni. The Adriatic Sea's average depth is 259.5 metres (851 ft), and its maximum depth is 1,233 metres (4,045 ft); however, the North Adriatic basin rarely exceeds a depth of 100 metres (330 ft). In the Adriatic's southernmost areas the border was not determined in order to avoid prejudicing the location of the tripoint with the Albanian continental shelf border, which remains undefined. 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