These birds are temporarily short-stopping their normal migration because Cascade County seems to be the northern … Therefore, it feeds on shallow water surfaces on plant food. Notes: Slim and long-necked, the Northern Pintail has a distinctive silhouette.Pintails are named for their elongated central tail feathers, which constitute one-fourth of the drake's body length. Intricately patterned and pale-faced females join males fashioned with a signature white stripe down their chocolate-colored necks. Capable of flight at 38-52 days after hatching; in far north, where continuous daylight allows for feeding at all hours, young may develop faster. The Great Migration to the Mississippi Territory, 1798-1819. Tracking Pintail Migration By Todd Peterson This is BirdNote! Spring planting means that many nests of this early breeding duck are destroyed by farming activities,[27] and a Canadian study showed that more than half of the surveyed nests were destroyed by agricultural work such as ploughing and harrowing. [8] The female lays seven to nine cream-coloured eggs at the rate of one per day;[11] the eggs are 55 mm × 38 mm (2.2 in × 1.5 in) in size and weigh 45 g (1.6 oz), of which 7% is shell. Within the large dabbling duck genus Anas,[2] the northern pintail's closest relatives are other pintails, such as the yellow-billed pintail (A. georgica) and Eaton's pintail (A. eatoni). Over half of the pintail population in North America migrates through California. In 1997, an estimated 1.5 million water birds, the majority being northern pintails, died from avian botulism during two outbreaks in Canada and Utah. In Tennessee, the Northern Pintail is most easily found during migration with smaller numbers over-wintering in the state. Sexual dimorphism is much less marked in the southern pintails, with the male's breeding appearance being similar to the female plumage. It is migratory and winters south of its breeding range to the equator. Slim and long-necked, it has an elegant appearance both on the water and in flight. [8] Transoceanic journeys also occur: a bird that was caught and ringed in Labrador, Canada, was shot by a hunter in England nine days later,[11] and Japanese-ringed birds have been recovered from six US states east to Utah and Mississippi. In spring and summer also feeds on roots and new growth. Lives of North American Birds. Young ducklings eat mostly insects. Slim and long-necked, it has an elegant appearance both on the water and in flight. [2] The scientific name comes from two Latin words: anas, meaning "duck", and acuta, which comes from the verb acuere, "to sharpen"; the species term, like the English name, refers to the pointed tail of the male in breeding plumage. The northern pintail has a large range, estimated at 28,400,000 km2 (11,000,000 sq mi), and a population estimated at 5.3–5.4 million individuals. Incubation is by female only, 21-25 days. It has an incredible shovel like bill… Elegant Northern Pintails swim through wetlands and lakes with their slender necks and long, pointed tails held high. The drake is more striking, having a thin white stripe running from the back of its chocolate-coloured head down its neck to its mostly white undercarriage. [16] If predators destroy the first clutch, the female can produce a replacement clutch as late as the end of July. More animal matter in summer, mainly insects, mollusks, crustaceans; sometimes tadpoles, small fish. Unusually for a bird with such a large range, it has no geographical subspecies if the possibly conspecific duck Eaton's pintail is considered to be a separate species. The Northern Pintail is a medium-sized Dabbling Duck that nests in arctic tundra or prairie grasslands in Alaska, Canada and the Northern United States. Audubon’s scientists have used 140 million bird observations and sophisticated climate models to project how climate change will affect this bird’s range in the future. They migrate long distances and there is a report of a pintail that flew nonstop for 1,800 miles. Each species account is written by leading ornithologists and provides detailed information on bird distribution, migration, habitat, diet, sounds, behavior, breeding, current population status, and conservation. Pintails are wary at all seasons, and become very secretive during the flightless stage of their molt in late summer. It feeds by dabbling for plant food and adds small invertebrates to its diet during the nesting season. [8], This dabbling duck breeds across northern areas of the Palearctic south to about Poland and Mongolia,[11] and in Canada, Alaska and the Midwestern United States. Text © Kenn Kaufman, adapted from Widespread and abundant, but many surveys have suggested a significant decline since the 1960s. Photo: Dick Dickinson/Audubon Photography Awards, Breeding adult male. Timing and Routes of Migration. Membership benefits include one year of Audubon magazine and the latest on birds and their habitats. [11] The maximum recorded age is 27 years and 5 months for a Dutch bird. Northern pintails are among the first ducks to migrate south in the fall and north in the spring. In migration and winter around any shallow waters with exposed mudflats, including fresh and brackish marshes, lakes, flooded fields. [3] Fall: Migration begins in early to mid-August when small numbers appear away from breeding areas. Young feed themselves. The female prepares for copulation, which takes place in the water, by lowering her body; the male then bobs his head up and down and mounts the female, taking the feathers on the back of her head in his mouth. In The Birds of North America (A. F. Poole, Editor). Illustration © David Allen Sibley. Positive Impacts; food Numbers peak during Oct. Northern Pintail drakes leave females early, in late May and Jun, to form molting groups. Return to … Photos by Fred Greenslade. Fish and Wildlife Service Proposes Duck Hunting Regulations, Limited Canvasback Season Re-Opened", "Losing ground: The top 10 common birds in decline", "Service continues to expand non-toxic shot options", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_pintail&oldid=1004530045, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 3 February 2021, at 01:44. ... Northern Pintail (Anas acuta), version 2.0. Its upperparts and sides are grey, but elongated grey feathers with black central stripes are draped across the back from the shoulder area. Here are the details to include in that text to your bird-nerd buddy. 2021 is off to another good start. The specimens were collected by J. V. Arundel in Sydney Island (Manra Island), Phoenix Islands in 1885 and came to the Liverpool national collection via Canon Henry Baker Tristram's collection which was purchased in 1896. Hens make a coarse quack and the drakes a flute-like whistle. Pintails also use different habitats depending on time of day. It is a shallow scrape on the ground lined with plant material and down. Control and Physiology of Migration. [16] Populations are also affected by the conversion of wetlands and grassland to arable crops, depriving the duck of feeding and nesting areas. Just under three and a half million. Now? Photo: Judi Dressler/Audubon Photography Awards . The name of this duck tells you just about everything you need to know about it! Legal challenges are inevitable, but the Trump administration aims to hold the first-ever sale of oil and gas leases in the refuge this year. [28], Hunting with lead shot, along with the use of lead sinkers in angling, has been identified as a major cause of lead poisoning in waterfowl, which often feed off the bottom of lakes and wetlands where the shot collects. Pintails using the Central Flyway winter in the Texas Panhandle and on the Gulf Coast of Texas and western Louisiana. Several males often court one female, leading to pursuit flights. [24][25] Although one of the world's most numerous ducks,[16] the combination of hunting with other factors has led to population declines, and local restrictions on hunting have been introduced at times to help conserve numbers. pl. The common, or northern, pintail (Anas acuta), widespread in the Northern Hemisphere, is a long-distance flier; some Alaskan birds winter as far away as Hawaii. pl. Food Selection and Storage. Or take action immediately with one of our current campaigns below: The Audubon Bird Guide is a free and complete field guide to more than 800 species of North American birds, right in your pocket. This species also breeds in northern Eurasia wintering in southern Europe, Africa, and southern Asia. [35], Pintails in North America at least have been badly affected by avian diseases, with the breeding population falling from more than 10 million in 1957 to 3.5 million by 1964. Diet and Foraging. Cold fronts are the most important weather feature to track. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. Northern pintails are among the first ducks to migrate south in the fall and north in the spring. It’s the least you can do. However, 700 were found in Clay Co by 7 Aug 1971. [7], Eaton's pintail has two subspecies, A. e. eatoni (the Kerguelen pintail) of Kerguelen Islands, and A. e. drygalskyi (the Crozet pintail) of Crozet Islands, and was formerly considered conspecific with the Northern Hemisphere's northern pintail. Bald Eagle. [8], Both sexes reach sexual maturity at one year of age. Widespread across North America, Europe, and Asia, the Northern Pintail is probably one of the most numerous duck species in the world (although outnumbered by the omnipresent Mallard). Nest (built by female) a shallow depression lined with grasses, twigs, leaves, with addition of down. Both sexes have blue-grey bills and grey legs and feet. Marshes, prairies, fresh ponds, lakes, salt bays. Mostly seeds, insects. The male mates with the female by swimming close to her with his head lowered and tail raised, continually whistling. By Charles Lowery. Unlock thousands of full-length species accounts and hundreds of bird family overviews when you subscribe to Birds of the World. Young: female leads young from nest within a few hours after they hatch. [9] The three syntype specimens of Dafila modesta Tristram (Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1886, p.79. Visit your local Audubon center, join a chapter, or help save birds with your state program. [11] Large birds of prey, such as northern goshawks, will take ducks from the ground, and some falcons, including the gyrfalcon, have the speed and power to catch flying birds. Northern Pintails winter from the central United States southward to northern South America. [11], Pintail nests and chicks are vulnerable to predation by mammals, such as foxes and badgers, and birds like gulls, crows and magpies. Male has brown head, white underparts and neck with white line extending onto side of head, grayish back and sides, and long, black, pointed central tail feathers. [11] Diet mostly plant material in fall and winter, especially seeds of grasses, sedges, pondweeds, and others, and waste grain in fields. Thirty years ago, there were six million of these slender, elegant ducks throughout North America. female leads young from nest within a few hours after they hatch. The chicks fledge in 46 to 47 days after hatching, but stay with the female until she has completed moulting. Storms often precede cold fronts, which cause migrants to hunker down until the poor weather passes, often resulting in an awe-inspiring migratory movement known as a “fall-out.” The same climate change-driven threats that put birds at risk will affect other wildlife and people, too. [13], The male's call is a soft proop-proop whistle, similar to that of the common teal, whereas the female has a mallard-like descending quack, and a low croak when flushed. Help power unparalleled conservation work for birds across the Americas, Stay informed on important news about birds and their habitats, Receive reduced or free admission across our network of centers and sanctuaries, Access a free guide of more than 800 species of North American birds, Discover the impacts of climate change on birds and their habitats, Learn more about the birds you love through audio clips, stunning photography, and in-depth text. [4][5][6] The famous British ornithologist Sir Peter Scott gave this name to his daughter, the artist Dafila Scott. Small numbers migrate to Pacific islands, particularly Hawaii, where a few hundred birds winter on the main islands in shallow wetlands and flooded agricultural habitats. Although the species has recovered from that low point, the breeding population in 1999 was 30% below the long-term average, despite years of major efforts focused on restoring the species. The unmistakable breeding plumaged male has a chocolate-brown head and white breast with a white stripe extending up the side of the neck. Migrates in flocks. Let us send you the latest in bird and conservation news. Identifying waterfowl gives many hours of enjoyment to millions of people. The hen's plumage is more subtle and subdued, with drab brown feathers similar to those of other female dabbling ducks. Northern Pintails in Eastern North America - Atlantic Flyway Satellite Telemetry Project Final Report (PDF - 3.81MB) View maps of migration and movement of northern pintails instrumented with satellite transmitters (called PTT’s or Platform Transmitter Terminals). In the Palaearctic, breeding populations are declining in much of the range, including its stronghold in Russia. [10] The male is 59–76 cm (23–30 in) in length and weighs 450–1,360 g (0.99–3.00 lb), and therefore is considerably larger than the female, which is 51–64 cm (20–25 in) long and weighs 454–1,135 g (1.001–2.502 lb). Northern Pintail are one of the most sought after ducks by duck hunters throughout their habitat. [Call and trill-whistle of the Northern Pintail] What’s going on with Northern Pintails? Our email newsletter shares the latest programs and initiatives. Widespread across North America, Europe, and Asia, the Northern Pintail is probably one of the most numerous duck species in the world (although outnumbered by the omnipresent Mallard). 169 species were noted by the end of January which is 2nd best for the last 10 years, trailing only 2016, which had 170 species by January 31. [29] A Spanish study showed that northern pintail and common pochard were the species with the highest levels of lead shot ingestion, higher than in northern countries of the western Palearctic flyway, where lead shot has been banned. Type in your search and hit Enter on desktop or hit Go on mobile device. The adults can take flight to escape terrestrial predators, but nesting females in particular may be surprised by large carnivores such as bobcats. Northern Pintails are one of the most common waterfowl species, breeding throughout high latitudes of Russian and Alaska and wintering throughout Asia and the lower-48 U.S. USGS research in the U.S. and Japan determined Northern Pintails are highly migratory, with satellite telemetry and band recovery data finding movement of pintails between East Asia and North America. In other regions, populations are stable or fluctuating. The Northern pintail occurs across a very large range in North America, breeding all the way north to Alaska and Canada in the summer and migrating as far south as South America in the winter (NatureServe 2019). They spend winters in coastal wetlands as well as inland waters, and can be seen on the Chesapeake Bay in winter. [17], It is susceptible to a range of parasites including Cryptosporidium, Giardia, tapeworms, blood parasites and external feather lice,[18][19][20][21] and is also affected by other avian diseases. [11], Breeding takes place between April and June, with the nest being constructed on the ground and hidden amongst vegetation in a dry location, often some distance from water. [23], The northern pintail is a popular species for game shooting because of its speed, agility, and excellent eating qualities, and is hunted across its range. Northern Pintail (Santa Clara, California, 18 December 2012). Northern Pintails are early-fall migrants and begin to arrive on their wintering grounds starting in August, although the peak of the fall migration is in October in eastern Washington and November in western Washington. [12], The adult female is mainly scalloped and mottled in light brown with a more uniformly grey-brown head, and its pointed tail is shorter than the male's; it is still easily identified by its shape, long neck, and long grey bill. Feeding. Legal Notices Privacy Policy Contact Us. Over half of the pintail population in North America migrates through California. [26], This species' preferred habitat of shallow water is naturally susceptible to problems such as drought or the encroachment of vegetation, but this duck's habitat might be increasingly threatened by climate change. These eager breeders head to the prairie pothole region of the Great Plains, as well as Canada, and Alaska to nest as soon as the ice breaks up. Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) Anas acuta. National Audubon Society The Northern Pintail is a dabbling duck. Northward migration begins early in spring, southward migration is under way for much of fall. Family: (Anatidae) Ducks, Geese, and Swans. Choose a temperature scenario below to see which threats will affect this species as warming increases. Unusually for a bird with such a large range, it has no geographical subspecies if the possibly conspecific duck Eaton's pintail is considered to be a separate species. [30] In the United States, Canada, and many western European countries, all shot used for waterfowl must now be non-toxic, and therefore may not contain any lead.[31][32][33]. It is migratory and winters south of its breeding range to the equator. [11], Around three-quarters of chicks live long enough to fledge, but not more than half of those survive long enough to reproduce. Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Capable of flight at 38-52 days after hatching; in far north, where continuous daylight allows for feeding at all hours, young may develop faster. [22], The northern pintail is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies,[36] but it has no special status under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which regulates international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants. [8] In non-breeding (eclipse) plumage, the drake pintail looks similar to the female, but retains the male upperwing pattern and long grey shoulder feathers. In a rushed and secretive process, the Bureau of Land Management is ignoring impacts to people, climate and wildlife, and relying on flawed science. Northern pintail are widespread across many types of habitat during the summer breeding season, but seem to prefer prairie and tundra habitats that provide shallow lakes, ponds, and marshes. Human activities, such as agriculture, hunting and fishing, have also had a significant impact on numbers. We protect birds and the places they need. Each map displays the movements of an individual pintail. [13][15], The northern pintail's breeding habitat is open unwooded wetlands, such as wet grassland, lakesides or tundra. Learn more about these drawings. [12] It has a very fast flight, with its wings slightly swept-back, rather than straight out from the body like other ducks. Forages in shallow water by up-ending with tail up and head down, or by submerging head and neck while swimming, finding most food in underwater mud. Nevertheless, owing to the huge range and large population of this species, it is not threatened globally. It is highly gregarious outside the breeding season and forms very large mixed flocks with other ducks. [8] In water, the swimming posture is forward leaning, with the base of the neck almost flush with the water. Migration – [11] The northern pintail broadly overlaps in size with the similarly-widespread mallard, but is more slender, elongated and gracile, with a relatively longer neck and (in males) a longer tail. Pairs form at the wintering ground, and the males follow the females back to their summer range. Unusually for a species with such a large range, northern pintail has no geographical subspecies if Eaton's pintail is treated as a separate species.[8]. This map depicts the seasonally-averaged estimated relative abundance, defined as the expected count on an eBird Traveling Count starting at the optimal time of day with the optimal search duration and distance that maximizes detection of that species in a region, averaged across the pre-breeding migration season. 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'S breeding appearance being similar to the Mississippi Territory, 1798-1819 in early to mid-August when small appear!
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