(= the thing that I wanted). (adjective), People from Wales are often quite musical. (= the atmosphere of which). Use comma(s) if its a non-defining relative clause and do not use comma(s) if its a defining relative clause. You may want to revise the topic before you do this exercise. Object pronouns can be dropped in defining relative clauses, which are then called Contact Clauses… Defining relative clauses We use defining relative clauses to specify which person, thing or place we are talking about. 1 which           2 where           3 who/ whom/that, 4 whose           5 which           6 whom, 7 who              8 when            9 which           10 which/that. In an explanation of (7)……….., she admits that she tries to stimulate competition amongst her wealthy and famous guests. The use of commas reflects the way we say the two types of relative clause. which where. To play this quiz, please finish editing it. (= … which were struck out/which we struck out …). It is therefore unnecessary to repeat the noun from the main clause or introduce a personal pronoun to replace it: X    I used to live in one of those houses that they have now been demolished. 8: The only noun which takes why as a relative pronoun is reason: Sometimes he thought her clear morality was the reason why/ that he loved her. For over 25 years we have run an establishment (8) which has been dedicated to making learning a rich and enjoyable experience. The relative pronoun is the subject or object of the relative clause. Brooke Astor, for example, is a 97-year-old socialite (5)……….. to charitable causes in the last 40 years. who whose. The bank robbery what I told you about is in the local newspaper. He … It’s usually children from deprived backgrounds. Where we put the preposition depends on formality: Note: We do not put a preposition before the relative pronoun that: X  This system provides a case in that the contact lenses can be kept. 15        the city where I grew up in-. The people to whom this report is addressed will have to consider carefully the consequences of the proposed cuts. 16        the residents who living here => the residents who are living here/the residents living here, 17        a genuine Ming vase, that-was worth => a genuine Ming vase, which was worth, 18        The bank-robbery-what told you-about => The bank robbery that/which I told you about. There is a good film on the television tonight. Download full-size image from Pinterest . Defining and Non-defining Relative Clauses. We often use a relative clause with the same pattern for emphasis, with introductory It: It is always violent crime that provokes the most extreme reaction from the public. the book that you were looking for. Relative clauses are subordinate clauses which refer to the noun of the main clause, identifying it or adding extra information. Relative … Relative clauses are a tool that tells us which thing or person the speaker is referencing. 19        the main-reason which governments fall => the main reason why governments fall. Introducing Textbook Solutions. These are the main differences: Clause… We usually use non-defining relative clauses to add extra information about the subject of a main clause: ITV’s News at Ten, which occupied the mid-evening slot for many years, was a very popular programme. In the next exercise, some of the adjective clauses use a subject relative pronoun and some use an object relative pronoun. Another possibility is to use an infinitive phrase: Newton was the first person to really understand the laws of gravity. This is a ratified life in (8)………., but which does a lot of good for the less fortunate. 2) They called a lawyer (the lawyer lived nearby) [ . ] 6: We can use which or that + a preposition instead of where: Mozart’s birthplace and the house where he composed ‘The Magic Flute’ are both now museums. We usually use commas to separate the relative clause from the main clause in non-defining relatives, but we do not use them in defining relatives: The tribespeople, who traded with the settlers, retained their land. In this phrases and clauses quiz you have to decide whether the highlighted part of the sentence is a phrase or a clause. 4  C Formula 1 driver Eddie Irvine, whose contract with Ferrari finishes at the end of the season, has narrowly missed gaining the Formula 1 World Champion title (today). Review the rules on relative clauses and you'll be able to do this as well. characters are usually less than wholesome. The charity event raised over £1,000 for St Andrew’s Hospice which opened last year. 6     F London Zoo, which was in danger of closing through lack of funds, has remained open. Choose the correct pronoun – WHO, WHICH or WHERE from the drop-down menu. ✓ Jack has prepared his favourite dish, which he is about to eat, from Jamie Smith’s recipe book. They have now been demolished. It has been given the prime Wednesday evening 9.30 slot, (1)…. The first two lines are examples (0 and 00). 7: We can use that as an alternative to when in defining relative clauses: I remember – it was the day when/ that the heatwave started. I They have been studying cancer genes for years. Exercise to practice relative clauses. seems to be a bad-tempered, grumpy woman, is further compromised later in the series (8)…………. I’d like to meet whoever did that to the garden hedge! Starbucks ___________________________________________________________. The goal is that you really understand how relative clauses work in … She plans to marry her childhood sweetheart whom she has known since they were five. Relative Clauses with ‘Who’, ‘That’, and ‘Which’ – Rules and Exercises for Intermediate Level. IRVINE NARROWLY MISSES FORMULA 1 WORLD CHAMPION TITLE, 8. You might like to watch the film. The first one has been done for you. FS0204 Tutorial 8 – Relative Clause Exercise 1 Identify if the sentences consist of defining or non-defining relative clauses. However, in recent years, such initiatives have been frowned upon as successive governments have urged a ‘back- to-basics’ approach. In defining relative clauses we can modify the pronoun or adverb with –ever to give the meaning of anything, anyone, anywhere, etc. That’s impossible, because of the gender-case stuff. Advertisements. Whom is formal and we rarely use it in speech. Missing Out on Learning, IELTS Academic Reading Sample 25 – The Rocket From East To West, IELTS Academic Reading Sample 24 – Paper Recycling, IELTS Academic Reading Sample 23 – Alarming Rate of Loss of Tropical Rainforests, 0 SCIENTISTS DISCOVER NEWWONDER-CURE FOR CANCER. Exercise #3 – Add the Correct Relative Pronoun. We can use which or that + a preposition instead of when: The attacks continued up to the day on which the agreement was signed. 14 whore they are drinking- in. Some find wherever work, 6          they can, but others may turn to a government is already receiving lower, 8          Second, it is true that in many countries tourists are destroying the very, 9          sights they flock to see them. Thus the ground is prepared in this first episode for a series (10)………. 18 places tourism => places where/ in which tourism, Advanced Grammar For IELTS: Relative Clauses, Intermediate (band score 5.0-6.0) Vocabualary, Upper intermediate (band score 6.0-6.5) Vocabualary, Advanced (band score 7.0-8.0) Vocabualary, IETLS Cue Card Sample: Describe A Decision You Disagreed With, Advanced Grammar For IELTS: Word Order And Verb Patterns, IELTS Academic Reading Sample 27 – Looking for a Market among Adolescents, IELTS Academic Reading Sample 26 – Creating Artificial Reefs, IELTS Academic Reading Sample 25 – The Danger Of Ecstasy, IELTS Academic Reading Sample 24- Beneath The Canopy, IELTS Academic Reading Sample 13 – A.D.D. This grammar exercise tests your understanding of relative pronouns. Some lines are correct. 1) February, which is the second month of the year, is the month ---- many of my colleagues take vacation for skiing. 20        most of them proved => most of which proved. A defining relative clause identifies or classifies a noun or pronoun in the main clause: (In the second example, the relative clause classifies the members of a group.). Combine the two sentences 2. For a limited time, find answers and explanations to over 1.2 million textbook exercises for FREE! Exercise 1 - Defining relative clauses. → There is a good film on the television tonight which you might like to watch. We often use modifiers, such as all of and many of before which or whom in a non- defining relative clause to refer to the subject or object of the clause: The supermarket removed from the shelves all of its jars of tomato puree, several of which were found to contain fragments of glass. This calls wakes up a man (3)……… most viewers will recognise as Keith Allen – the slightly sleazy unshaven Cockney (4)……. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate relative … Match each headline (1-10) with a sentence (A-J). Although Sir Patrick himself was unavailable for comment, a spokesperson for the school told us. ‘Who’, ‘that’, and ‘which’ … It takes lots of practice, so make sure to write down what you learn … This is the bank was robbed yesterday. The new buyer identified a dozen new sources for the material, most of them proved to be reliable. There are two types of relative clause: defining clauses (identifying the noun or classifying it as part of a group) and non-defining clauses … => bars which/ that have got toffee in the middle?/ bars with toffee in the middle? This quiz is incomplete! Relative clauses are clauses starting with the relative pronouns who, that, which, whose, where, when. Use the present perfect tense in the main clause. Task No. 3: We can use that to refer to people or objects, but we usually prefer to use who for a person when the pronoun is the subject of the relative clause: Ms Harrison is the lawyer who/that has been chosen to represent you. 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